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40A Type 3 (BS 3871)

Max Zs for 40A Type 3 (BS 3871)

Maximum earth fault loop impedance per BS 7671:2018+A4:2026

BS 7671:2018+A4:2026
BS 3871 Type 3 MCB
40A rated current — Formula: 230×0.95/(multiplier×In)
Maximum Zs (80% for ambient testing)
Recommended for Testing
0.44Ω

Use this value when testing at ambient temperature (per Appendix 14)

100% BS 7671 Table Value0.55Ω
Raw Table Value
Standard
BS 3871
Type
Type 3
Rating
40A
All Type 3 (BS 3871) Max Zs Values
Quick reference for all available ratings (80% values)
5A
3.49Ω
6A
2.91Ω
10A
1.75Ω
15A
1.16Ω
16A
1.09Ω
20A
0.87Ω
25A
0.69Ω
30A
0.58Ω
32A
0.54Ω
40A
0.44Ω
45A
0.39Ω
50A
0.35Ω
63A
0.27Ω
80A
0.21Ω
100A
0.17Ω

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Understanding Max Zs for 40A Type 3 (BS 3871)

The maximum earth fault loop impedance (Zs) of 0.44Ω for a 40A BS 3871 Type 3 MCB ensures automatic disconnection of supply within the required time under fault conditions as specified in BS 7671:2018+A4:2026.

Why 80% Values?

When testing at ambient temperature, conductor resistance is lower than at operating temperature. BS 7671 Appendix 14 recommends using 80% of tabulated values.

Testing Requirements

  • • Final circuits ≤63A: disconnect within 0.4s
  • • Distribution/fixed equipment: 5s allowed
  • • Measured Zs must be ≤ 0.44Ω

EICR Testing Note

During an EICR, if measured Zs exceeds the maximum permitted value, record as Code C2 or C3 depending on the degree of non-compliance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the maximum Zs for a 40A Type 3 (BS 3871)?

The maximum earth fault loop impedance (Zs) for a 40A BS 3871 Type 3 MCB is 0.44Ω when testing at ambient temperature. This is 80% of the BS 7671 table value of 0.55Ω, as recommended by Appendix 14 for testing purposes.

Why use 80% of the BS 7671 Zs value?

BS 7671 Appendix 14 recommends using 80% of tabulated Zs values when testing at ambient temperature. This accounts for increased conductor resistance at normal operating temperature. The correction factor ensures your measured values will still comply when the circuit is under load and conductors are at their maximum operating temperature.

What if measured Zs exceeds 0.44Ω?

If the measured Zs exceeds 0.44Ω for a 40A Type 3 (BS 3871), the protective device may not disconnect within the required time (0.4s for final circuits up to 63A, 5s for distribution circuits). This should be recorded as Code C2 (potentially dangerous) or C3 (improvement recommended) on an EICR, depending on the severity and risk assessment.

Which BS 7671 table is this value from?

The Max Zs value for 40A BS 3871 Type 3 MCB comes from Formula: 230×0.95/(multiplier×In). This table provides maximum earth fault loop impedance values to ensure automatic disconnection within the required time for the BS 3871 standard.

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